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Monkey King
"Monkey King",written by Wu Ch'eng-en,a scholar-official, is one of the renowned classical Chinese novels about an allegorical rendition of the journey, mingled with Chinese fables, fairy tables, legends,superstitions, popuar beliefs, monster stories.

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Qing

The court painters of the Qing Dynasty by and large sought after the method of displaying meticulousness and lifelikeness. Giusseppe Castiglione from Italy employed the Western method of perspective and colour application, making the images highly lifelike. Because of this, he found great favour with the Chinese emperor. On the other hand, Chinese artists like Yu Zhiding Zhang Zongcang and others strictly held to the old traditions and thus lacked exploration of new ideas. As compared with the paintings of the preceding dynasties, the Qing dynasty ones presented a lot more features, though well-known artists such as "The Four Wangs, Wu and Yun" and "The Four Monks" all followed "The Four Yuan-dynasty Veterans", and furthermore, they were all influenced by Dong Qichang. However, the artists in the first bracket presented at the same time more of their own styles of moderation, placidity and steadiness whilst those in the second bracket tended to give went to their sentiments. And owing to the different positions the two brackets of artists were placed in, they had different psychological states and presented different features in their paintings. Speaking of them in a certain sense, they had all developed the old traditions from their own angles of view. Then there came "The Yangzhou School" and "The Haishang School"(Shanghai), which had grown up in the atmosphere of rural economy, and therefore in such a milieu their works had a little stronger flavour of the townspeople and commerce. Eager for instant success and quick benefits, the former showed in their pictures a flow of air of restlessness whereas the latter's works catered to the psychological state of the inhabitants of a more opened-up city with their multi-posture and varied-colour style that played to the gallery.